Widely used as a preservative in water-based industrial formulations due to its strong biocidal activity against bacteria, fungi, and algae. Commonly found in paints, adhesives, latex emulsions, and metalworking fluids to prevent microbial spoilage and extend product shelf life. Effective at low concentrations, making it cost-efficient for large-scale industrial applications. Its stability in a wide pH range and compatibility with various formulation components enhance its utility across different sectors.