Widely used as a biocide in industrial water systems to control microbial growth, particularly in cooling towers and paper mill systems. Effective against bacteria, fungi, and algae due to its ability to disrupt cell membranes. Also employed as a preservative in latex emulsions, adhesives, and polymer systems to prevent spoilage during storage. Its stability under alkaline conditions makes it suitable for use in detergents and cleaning formulations. Additionally, it is used in oilfield water treatment to control sulfate-reducing bacteria and maintain system integrity.