Used primarily as a biocide in industrial water treatment systems to control microbial growth, including bacteria, algae, and fungi. Effective in cooling towers, paper mill systems, and oilfield environments due to its strong antimicrobial activity and water solubility. Also employed as a disinfectant in household and institutional cleaning products. Its quaternary ammonium structure enhances surface adhesion, making it useful in sanitizing hard surfaces. Additionally, it serves as an intermediate in synthesizing functionalized polymers and specialty surfactants.