Casein is widely used in the food industry as a nutritional protein additive, particularly in dairy products, infant formulas, and protein supplements. It forms a gel in the stomach, leading to slow digestion and sustained amino acid release, making it valuable in sports nutrition for muscle recovery during prolonged periods. In addition to food, casein serves as a binder and adhesive in pharmaceuticals, helping tablets maintain integrity. It is also used in cosmetic formulations for its moisturizing and film-forming properties, improving skin and hair product performance. Historically, casein was used in paint and coatings, especially in art paints, due to its durability and matte finish. It has also found use in textile finishing and as a component in some biodegradable plastics and packaging materials.