Humanin is a small mitochondrial-derived peptide that plays a significant role in cellular protection, particularly in reducing apoptosis induced by various stressors. It is actively studied for its neuroprotective properties, showing potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Humanin helps protect neurons from amyloid-beta toxicity, a key factor in Alzheimer's pathology. It also exhibits anti-apoptotic effects in retinal cells, suggesting applications in treating neurodegenerative eye conditions. Beyond the brain, Humanin has been linked to metabolic regulation, improving insulin sensitivity and offering potential benefits in type 2 diabetes. It may also support cardiovascular health by protecting cells in the vascular system from oxidative stress and inflammation. Emerging research indicates roles in reducing inflammation and enhancing cell survival in conditions involving mitochondrial dysfunction. Due to these broad cytoprotective effects, Humanin is being explored as a therapeutic agent in aging-related diseases and conditions involving cellular stress.