15(R)-Prostaglandin D2 plays a significant role in various physiological and pathological processes due to its involvement in inflammation and immune responses. It is primarily studied for its ability to regulate allergic reactions and asthma by acting on specific receptors, such as DP1 and CRTH2, which influence the behavior of immune cells like eosinophils and Th2 cells. This compound is also explored for its potential in managing ocular diseases, as it can modulate intraocular pressure and has neuroprotective effects in the retina. Additionally, research is ongoing to understand its impact on sleep regulation and its potential therapeutic applications in sleep disorders. Its role in cancer biology is another area of interest, as it may influence tumor growth and metastasis through its effects on the tumor microenvironment.