13(S)-HODE is a bioactive lipid derived from linoleic acid and plays a significant role in inflammatory processes. It acts as a signaling molecule involved in the regulation of immune responses and has been implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and arthritis. It is known to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), which modulates gene expression related to inflammation and lipid metabolism. Due to its role in oxidative stress and inflammation, 13(S)-HODE serves as a biomarker for lipid peroxidation and is used in research to study the mechanisms of reactive oxygen species in cellular damage. It is also investigated for its potential involvement in cancer progression, particularly in melanoma and other epithelial cancers, where it may influence cell proliferation and survival pathways.