5(S)-HPETE is a bioactive lipid mediator involved in inflammatory and immune responses. It acts as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of lipoxins, which are specialized pro-resolving mediators that help regulate inflammation and promote tissue repair. It is produced in cells such as neutrophils and monocytes in response to stimuli like infection or injury. Due to its role in modulating inflammation, 5(S)-HPETE is studied in the context of inflammatory diseases, including asthma, arthritis, and cardiovascular conditions. It also influences cell signaling pathways related to oxidative stress and apoptosis, making it relevant in cancer and neurodegenerative disease research. Its presence serves as a marker for 5-lipoxygenase pathway activation in experimental immunology and pharmacology.