Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate is widely used in medical research and therapeutic applications due to its cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic properties. It is commonly studied for its potential to treat liver diseases, such as primary biliary cholangitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, by reducing inflammation and protecting liver cells from damage. Additionally, it has shown promise in neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, where it helps mitigate neuronal cell death and oxidative stress. In ophthalmology, it is explored for its ability to protect retinal cells and slow the progression of retinal degeneration. Its role in enhancing cellular survival under stress conditions also makes it valuable in experimental models for studying cell biology and drug development.