Used as a highly effective ligand in homogeneous catalysis, particularly in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Its sterically bulky yet electron-rich phosphine groups enhance catalyst stability and reactivity, making it ideal for C–C and C–heteroatom bond formations. Commonly applied in Suzuki, Negishi, and Buchwald–Hartwig aminations, especially for challenging substrates where standard ligands fail. The rigid ferrocene backbone provides structural stability and facilitates precise control over metal center geometry, improving selectivity and turnover efficiency. Also employed in asymmetric synthesis when modified with chiral substituents, enabling enantioselective transformations in pharmaceutical and fine chemical manufacturing.