Used as a ligand in homogeneous catalysis, particularly in palladium- and nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Its bulky tert-butyl groups provide steric protection around the metal center, enhancing catalyst stability and selectivity. Commonly employed in C–C and C–heteroatom bond formation, such as Suzuki–Miyaura and Buchwald–Hartwig aminations. The bidentate structure allows for strong chelation, improving catalyst performance under demanding conditions. Also applied in hydrogenation and hydroformylation processes where robust ligand frameworks are required.