Used in the treatment of bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Effective against pathogens resistant to other cephalosporins due to its stability against many beta-lactamase enzymes. Commonly applied in respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and nosocomial infections. Shows immunomodulatory effects by enhancing phagocyte function, which supports the body's defense during infection. Administered parenterally in hospital settings where broad-spectrum coverage is needed.