Ethyl 3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzoate is primarily used in organic synthesis as an intermediate for the production of more complex chemical compounds. It serves as a building block in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, particularly in the development of drugs with antibacterial or antifungal properties. Additionally, it is utilized in the preparation of dyes and pigments due to its nitro and ester functional groups, which contribute to color formation. In research laboratories, this compound is often employed in studies related to chemical reactions involving nitro and hydroxyl groups, aiding in the exploration of reaction mechanisms and the development of new synthetic pathways. Its stability and reactivity make it a valuable component in various industrial and academic applications.