Used as an intermediate in the synthesis of photochromic compounds, particularly in the production of dyes and pigments that change color under UV light. It plays a role in the development of light-sensitive materials for ophthalmic lenses, optical switches, and smart windows. Its nitro and carboxylic acid functional groups allow for further chemical modifications, making it valuable in organic synthesis for pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Also utilized in research for developing sensors and molecular switches due to its electron-withdrawing properties and structural stability.