Used primarily in specialized electrochemical applications, particularly in the production of nickel-based batteries such as nickel-cadmium (NiCd) and nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries, where it acts as a cathode material due to its redox activity. Also employed in ceramic colorants and glass manufacturing to impart color and improve thermal stability. Shows catalytic properties in certain oxidation reactions, making it useful in industrial catalysts for organic transformations. Investigated for use in electrochromic coatings and fuel cell components due to its electronic and ionic conductivity under specific conditions.