Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline (DPBS) is widely used in biological and biochemical research for maintaining pH and osmotic balance in cell cultures. It is commonly employed as a washing solution to rinse cells during experimental procedures, ensuring the removal of residual media or contaminants without causing cellular damage. DPBS is also utilized as a diluent for reagents and as a transport medium for cells or tissues. In immunoassays, it serves as a buffer to stabilize proteins and maintain optimal conditions for antibody-antigen interactions. Additionally, DPBS is frequently used in flow cytometry to prepare cell suspensions and in molecular biology techniques such as DNA and RNA extraction. Its isotonic properties make it suitable for in vitro studies, including cell viability assays and microscopy, where it helps maintain cellular integrity.