AFN-1252 is primarily used as a potent and selective inhibitor of the bacterial enzyme enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI), which is crucial for bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis. Its application is significant in the field of antimicrobial research, particularly in targeting Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA). By inhibiting FabI, AFN-1252 disrupts the production of essential fatty acids, leading to bacterial cell death. This makes it a promising candidate for the development of new antibiotics to treat infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria. Its specificity for FabI reduces the likelihood of off-target effects, enhancing its potential as a safe and effective therapeutic agent.