Used as a key building block in the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), particularly for applications in gas storage, separation, and catalysis. Its rigid aromatic structure and multiple carboxylic acid groups allow for strong coordination with metal ions, enabling the formation of highly porous and thermally stable networks. Also employed in the development of luminescent sensors due to its ability to chelate lanthanide ions, enhancing photophysical properties for detection of small molecules or environmental pollutants. Additionally, finds use in proton-conductive materials for fuel cell technologies owing to its capacity to form hydrogen-bonded networks.