Used in the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) due to its multiple carboxylic acid groups, enabling the formation of porous materials for gas storage, separation, and catalysis. Its rigid biphenyl backbone supports structural stability in coordination polymers. Also employed in the development of luminescent materials and sensors, where it acts as an organic linker that can enhance electronic and optical properties. Shows potential in proton-conducting membranes for fuel cell applications when incorporated into hybrid materials.