Used as a building block in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) due to its multiple carboxylic acid groups, enabling the formation of porous, stable structures. These MOFs are applied in gas storage, separation processes, and catalysis. The compound’s rigid biphenyl core and symmetrical functionalization support the design of highly ordered crystalline networks with tunable properties. Also explored in supramolecular chemistry for constructing hydrogen-bonded networks and functional materials.