Used as a key building block in organic semiconductors, particularly in the synthesis of high-performance n-type conjugated polymers and small molecules for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Its extended fused-ring structure and electron-deficient core enhance electron transport and stability in electronic devices. Commonly applied in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and perovskite solar cells as an electron-accepting material due to strong intermolecular interactions and good film-forming properties. Also employed in research for ambipolar semiconductors and flexible electronics thanks to its tunable energy levels and compatibility with solution processing techniques.