Used as a key building block in the synthesis of conjugated porous organic polymers and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for applications in gas storage, catalysis, and optoelectronic materials. Its multiple aldehyde groups enable Schiff base reactions to form stable imine linkages, facilitating the construction of rigid, extended π-conjugated systems. Commonly employed in research for developing materials with high surface area and tunable pore size, particularly for CO2 capture and hydrogen storage. Also explored in photovoltaic devices and chemical sensors due to its electron-withdrawing properties and structural rigidity.