Used as a key intermediate in the synthesis of functional organic materials, particularly in the development of conjugated polymers and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Its dual aldehyde groups enable Schiff base reactions, allowing incorporation into imine-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for applications in gas storage, catalysis, and sensing. Also employed in the preparation of electroactive and photoactive compounds due to the redox-active bipyridinium core, making it suitable for use in molecular electronics and electrochromic devices. Its rigid, planar structure supports the design of porous materials with high thermal and chemical stability.