Used primarily as an intermediate in organic synthesis, this compound plays a key role in the preparation of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. Its reactive functional groups allow for the construction of complex aromatic and heterocyclic systems, particularly in the development of bioactive molecules. It is also employed in the synthesis of specialty materials where controlled molecular architecture is required. Due to its stability as a hydrate, it offers improved handling and storage compared to the corresponding anhydrous glyoxal, making it suitable for use in moisture-sensitive reactions when gradual release of the active carbonyl species is beneficial.