YM155 is primarily investigated for its potential in cancer therapy, particularly as an inhibitor of survivin, a protein that plays a crucial role in cell survival and proliferation in various cancers. By targeting survivin, it aims to induce apoptosis in cancer cells, making it a promising candidate for treating cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, and lymphoma. Clinical trials have explored its efficacy both as a standalone treatment and in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. Its ability to selectively target cancer cells while sparing normal cells has garnered significant interest in oncology research. However, further studies are needed to fully understand its therapeutic potential and optimize its clinical application.