Thalrugosaminine is primarily used in the development of antiviral agents, particularly in targeting RNA viruses. Its structural properties enable interference with viral replication mechanisms, making it a valuable scaffold in medicinal chemistry for designing nucleoside analogs. It has shown promising activity in early-stage studies against certain enveloped viruses by inhibiting key viral polymerases. Additionally, thalrugosaminine derivatives are being explored for their potential in immunomodulatory therapies due to their ability to influence cellular signaling pathways involved in immune response. Research is ongoing to enhance its bioavailability and specificity for therapeutic use.