GS-9620 is a potent agonist of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), primarily investigated for its ability to activate the innate immune system. It has been studied extensively in the context of chronic viral infections, particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV). By stimulating TLR7 in immune cells such as plasmacytoid dendritic cells, GS-9620 induces the production of antiviral cytokines, including interferon-alpha, which helps enhance the body’s immune response against the virus. Its application focuses on achieving functional cure in chronic HBV infection by reducing levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and promoting immune control of the virus. Due to its oral bioavailability, GS-9620 offers a convenient dosing regimen compared to injectable interferon therapies, making it a candidate for combination treatment strategies with antivirals or therapeutic vaccines. Research has also explored its potential in oncology and other infectious diseases where immune activation may provide therapeutic benefit.