Azvudine is primarily used as an antiviral agent, particularly in the treatment of HIV infection. It functions as a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), interfering with the replication of the virus by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme. This action helps reduce viral load and slow disease progression in HIV-positive patients. More recently, Azvudine has also been investigated and utilized in the management of COVID-19, showing potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication. Its oral bioavailability makes it a convenient option for outpatient treatment, contributing to its use in early-stage antiviral therapy. Ongoing research continues to explore its efficacy and safety across different viral infections.