Bay 41-4109 is primarily studied for its antiviral properties, particularly in the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. It functions as a capsid assembly modulator, disrupting the formation of the viral capsid, which is essential for the virus to replicate and spread. This mechanism makes it a promising candidate for reducing viral load in patients with chronic HBV. Research is ongoing to evaluate its efficacy and safety in clinical settings, with the aim of developing it as a potential therapeutic option for managing HBV infections, especially in cases resistant to existing treatments.