Stavudine sodium, commonly known as d4T sodium, is primarily used in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It is an antiretroviral medication that works by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which is crucial for the replication of the HIV virus. By doing so, it helps to reduce the viral load in the body and improves the immune system function.

This compound is often included in combination therapy regimens, known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), to enhance its effectiveness and reduce the risk of developing drug resistance. It is particularly useful in managing HIV in both adults and children, providing a critical option for those who may not respond well to other antiretroviral drugs.

Due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, Stavudine sodium is also effective in treating HIV-related neurological complications, offering benefits in managing conditions such as HIV-associated dementia.

However, its use is carefully monitored due to potential side effects, including peripheral neuropathy, lipodystrophy, and lactic acidosis. Despite these concerns, it remains a valuable component in the fight against HIV/AIDS, especially in resource-limited settings where alternative treatments may not be readily available.