Suramin hexasodium salt is primarily used in medical research and treatment due to its inhibitory properties. It is widely applied in studies targeting parasitic infections, particularly in diseases like African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and onchocerciasis (river blindness), where it acts by interfering with the energy metabolism of the parasites. Additionally, it has been explored in cancer research for its ability to inhibit growth factors and angiogenesis, potentially slowing tumor progression. In recent years, suramin has also been investigated for its potential in treating autism spectrum disorders, as it may modulate purinergic signaling pathways linked to neurodevelopmental conditions. Its application extends to virology, where it has shown activity against certain viruses, such as HIV and SARS-CoV-2, by blocking viral replication processes.