Rupintrivir is primarily researched for its antiviral properties, particularly in targeting picornaviruses, which include pathogens like rhinovirus and enterovirus. It functions as a protease inhibitor, disrupting viral replication by blocking the activity of the 3C protease enzyme essential for viral protein processing. This mechanism makes it a potential candidate for treating respiratory infections caused by rhinoviruses, such as the common cold, and more severe conditions like enterovirus-induced myocarditis or meningitis. Its application is largely experimental, with studies focusing on its efficacy, safety, and potential for development into a therapeutic antiviral drug.