Primarily used in the treatment of HIV and chronic hepatitis B infections, this compound is a prodrug that enhances antiviral efficacy while reducing systemic toxicity. It works by inhibiting viral replication through the suppression of reverse transcriptase, an enzyme crucial for viral DNA synthesis. Its improved safety profile allows for lower doses compared to older medications, minimizing side effects such as kidney impairment and bone density loss. This makes it a preferred option in long-term antiviral therapy, particularly for patients with pre-existing renal or bone health concerns. Additionally, it is often included in combination therapies to improve treatment outcomes and patient adherence.