Taribavirin hydrochloride is primarily used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. It functions as a nucleoside analog, inhibiting viral RNA replication, which is crucial for controlling the progression of the disease. This compound is particularly valuable for patients who have not responded well to other antiviral therapies, offering an alternative treatment option. Its application is significant in reducing viral load and improving liver function, thereby enhancing the overall quality of life for individuals affected by HCV. Ongoing research continues to explore its potential in combination therapies to increase efficacy and reduce treatment duration.