Inarigivir is primarily investigated for its antiviral properties, particularly in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. It functions as a selective agonist of the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) pathway, which plays a crucial role in the innate immune response against viral infections. By activating this pathway, it enhances the body's natural defense mechanisms to combat HBV replication. This approach is considered innovative as it targets the host's immune system rather than the virus directly, potentially reducing the risk of viral resistance. Clinical studies have explored its efficacy in reducing viral load and improving liver function in patients with chronic HBV. Additionally, its unique mechanism of action makes it a promising candidate for combination therapies with other antiviral agents to achieve better treatment outcomes. Research is ongoing to further evaluate its safety, efficacy, and potential applications in other viral infections.