Pafuramidine is primarily investigated for its potential use in treating parasitic infections, particularly African sleeping sickness (Human African Trypanosomiasis). It functions as a prodrug, which means it is metabolized into an active form within the body to target and eliminate the parasites responsible for the disease. Its oral bioavailability makes it a promising candidate for use in regions with limited medical infrastructure, as it can be administered easily without the need for injections. Research also explores its application in treating other parasitic infections, such as Pneumocystis pneumonia, especially in immunocompromised patients. Its development highlights efforts to create more effective and accessible treatments for neglected tropical diseases.