Dihydroartemisinin is widely used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in the treatment of malaria, particularly for severe and uncomplicated cases caused by Plasmodium falciparum. It is a key component in artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), which are the first-line treatment recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to its rapid action against the malaria parasite. The compound works by generating free radicals that damage the parasite’s cellular structures, leading to its death. Beyond malaria, dihydroartemisinin has shown potential in preclinical studies for its anticancer properties, where it induces apoptosis and inhibits the growth of various cancer cells. Additionally, it is being explored for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in autoimmune diseases and viral infections, though these applications are still under research. Its efficacy and safety profile make it a critical tool in global health efforts to combat malaria and potentially other diseases.