Used primarily as an antischistosomal agent, Lucanthone has been employed in the treatment of schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease caused by flatworms. It acts by interfering with the parasite's DNA through intercalation and inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, leading to impaired replication and survival of the worms. Though largely superseded by safer and more effective drugs like praziquantel, Lucanthone has also shown potential in research settings as a modulator of DNA repair mechanisms, particularly in studies involving cancer cells where it inhibits the enzyme topoisomerase II. Its ability to sensitize tumor cells to radiation and chemotherapy has prompted investigation into its use as an adjuvant in oncology, although clinical application remains experimental.