Arteether is primarily used in the treatment of malaria, especially in cases caused by Plasmodium falciparum, a parasite resistant to conventional antimalarial drugs like chloroquine. It is particularly effective in severe and acute malaria infections due to its rapid action in reducing parasite load in the bloodstream. As an artemisinin derivative, arteether works by producing free radicals in the parasite's environment, which damage its cellular structures and lead to death. It is usually administered via intramuscular injection, making it suitable for use in clinical settings where oral medication is not feasible. Arteether is often reserved for second-line therapy or in combination regimens in regions with high levels of drug resistance. Its fast onset of action helps quickly alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of complications such as cerebral malaria. However, due to potential neurotoxicity with prolonged use, it is typically used for short durations as part of a complete antimalarial treatment course.