Acoziborole is primarily investigated for its potential in treating human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness. This disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, is a significant public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa. Acoziborole is notable for its oral administration, which simplifies treatment protocols compared to traditional intravenous therapies. Its long half-life allows for a single-dose regimen, improving patient compliance and reducing the logistical challenges of healthcare delivery in remote areas. Clinical trials have shown promising results, indicating its efficacy in clearing the parasite from the bloodstream and central nervous system, making it a potential breakthrough in the fight against this neglected tropical disease.