Heptamidine is primarily used as an antimicrobial agent, particularly effective against certain protozoal infections. It has been employed in the treatment of leishmaniasis, a disease caused by parasites transmitted through sandfly bites. The compound works by interfering with the DNA of the parasites, thereby inhibiting their growth and replication. Additionally, heptamidine has shown potential in combating other parasitic infections, though its use is more limited in these areas. In some cases, it has been explored for its antifungal properties, making it a versatile agent in the fight against various microbial pathogens. However, its application is often restricted due to potential side effects and the availability of alternative treatments.