Caloxanthone B exhibits significant potential in pharmaceutical research due to its demonstrated antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities against various cancer cell lines. It has been investigated for its ability to induce apoptosis in tumor cells, making it a candidate for anticancer drug development. Additionally, Caloxanthone B shows antimicrobial properties, particularly against certain Gram-positive bacteria, suggesting utility in treating bacterial infections. Its role as a natural xanthone derivative also contributes to studies exploring antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, supporting its evaluation in therapies targeting oxidative stress-related diseases. Research is ongoing to optimize its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.