Curculigoside B is primarily studied for its potential neuroprotective effects, particularly in relation to cognitive function and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. It has demonstrated the ability to reduce oxidative stress in brain cells, which plays a key role in neuronal damage. This compound also shows anti-inflammatory activity within the central nervous system, helping to suppress neuroinflammation linked to memory impairment. Additionally, curculigoside B may enhance synaptic plasticity and support the survival of neurons under stress conditions. Due to these properties, it is considered a candidate for development in therapies targeting age-related cognitive decline and other neurological disorders. Research is ongoing, mainly in preclinical models, to further explore its therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action.