Used as a potent antioxidant and superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimic in biological research to combat oxidative stress. It helps protect cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS), making it valuable in studies related to neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Also investigated for its potential to modulate redox signaling pathways in cancer and aging. Due to its ability to cross cell membranes, it is effective in both in vitro and in vivo models. Additionally employed in catalytic studies and as a contrast agent enhancer in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to its paramagnetic properties.