Spectinomycin dihydrochloride hydrate is primarily used as an antibiotic in both human and veterinary medicine. It is particularly effective against a range of bacterial infections, especially those caused by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In humans, it is commonly prescribed for the treatment of gonorrhea, particularly in cases where patients are allergic to penicillin or other first-line antibiotics. Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, which helps to halt the growth and spread of the infection.

In veterinary medicine, it is widely used to treat respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in livestock, such as cattle, pigs, and poultry. It is often administered via injection or added to drinking water to ensure effective delivery. Additionally, spectinomycin dihydrochloride hydrate is utilized in aquaculture to control bacterial diseases in fish and other aquatic organisms. Its broad-spectrum activity and relatively low toxicity make it a valuable tool in managing bacterial infections across various fields.