(4S)-Brivaracetam is primarily used in the treatment of epilepsy, specifically for managing partial-onset seizures. It functions as an antiepileptic drug by enhancing the inhibitory effects of synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) in the brain, which helps stabilize neuronal activity and reduce seizure frequency. This medication is often prescribed for patients who have not responded adequately to other antiepileptic treatments. It is administered orally or intravenously, offering flexibility in clinical settings. Due to its high affinity for SV2A and favorable pharmacokinetic profile, it is considered effective and well-tolerated, with fewer side effects compared to some other antiepileptic drugs. It is also being studied for potential applications in other neurological disorders, such as neuropathic pain and migraine prevention.