Used primarily in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, this compound improves glycemic control by increasing insulin sensitivity in muscle and adipose tissues. It helps lower blood glucose levels by enhancing the body's response to insulin, reducing hepatic glucose production, and improving lipid metabolism. Commonly prescribed as an oral medication, it is often used in combination with other antidiabetic agents such as metformin or insulin when monotherapy is insufficient. Its action on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) modulates genes involved in glucose and lipid regulation. Due to potential side effects like weight gain, fluid retention, and increased risk of heart failure, its use requires careful patient selection and monitoring.