PF-04991532 is primarily investigated for its potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It functions as a glucokinase activator, which plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism. By enhancing the activity of glucokinase, it helps to regulate blood sugar levels more effectively, making it a promising candidate for managing diabetes. Research and clinical trials are focused on evaluating its efficacy, safety, and potential benefits in improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.