Tianeptine is primarily used in the treatment of major depressive disorder, particularly in cases where patients do not respond well to traditional antidepressants. It works by modulating glutamate levels in the brain, which helps in restoring synaptic plasticity and improving mood. Additionally, it has been found to be effective in alleviating symptoms of anxiety and stress-related disorders. Some studies suggest its potential use in managing cognitive impairments associated with depression and other neurological conditions. It is also being explored for its neuroprotective properties, which could be beneficial in conditions like Alzheimer's disease and traumatic brain injury. Due to its unique mechanism of action, it offers an alternative for patients who experience adverse effects with other antidepressant medications.