Mitomycin A is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus, primarily used in medical research and oncology studies due to its potent antitumor properties. It acts as a DNA cross-linking agent, effectively inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells by causing DNA damage that prevents cell division and leads to cell death. This mechanism is valuable for investigating treatments for various cancers, such as bladder, stomach, and pancreatic cancers. In research settings, it is explored in combination with other agents to enhance efficacy and study drug resistance. Additionally, Mitomycin A is investigated in ophthalmology research to prevent scarring after glaucoma surgery, applied topically to modulate wound healing by suppressing fibroblast proliferation. While it shows promise in preclinical models, its use requires careful consideration of potential side effects like myelosuppression and organ toxicity. Currently, it is mainly utilized in laboratory and developmental research to optimize safe and effective applications.